Developments in the Arab Empire With the Abbasid Caliphate (750AD)

At the same time, go on military success resulted in the largest muslim empire which ever existed (Shaban, Islamic History vol. 1, 168-69).

But the loss of religious focal point veritable(a)tually led to widespread corruption in both the government and the military. Taxation rose precipitously, Arab tribes fought with each other, and non-Arab minorities grew to hate the Umayyads, who claimed racial superiority. Meanwhile, life within the palace degenerated into elaborate orgies and the separation mingled with the caliphate and the rest of the population widened. The ruling caste of the Empire pre occupy the simplicity and piety of Muhammad and his immediate successors (Peretz 25).

By the middle single-valued function of the Eighth Century, the Umayyad family itself was falling apart. The last of the strong caliphs, Hisham, died in 743, departure a nephew who was more interested in poetry than ruling. This nephew lasted little than a year and the three caliphs who followed him were unable to rule even that long. In 744, Marwan II, a professional soldier, became caliph and restored some deception of order. Marwan put down a Kharijite rebellion in Iraq in 747, ostensibly bringing peace to the empire. This peace was illusory, however, for when a combination erupted in Khurasan in the late Spring of that same year, he had no force to oppose it. The conspiracy thus evolved into a full-fledged rebellion on June 9, 747, when one of the leaders of the

Peretz, Don. The Middle East Today. 4th ed. brand-new York: Praeger, 1983.

As the family turned in on itself, it degenerated. The later caliphs became just as prone to the excesses of pleasure as had their Umayyad predecessors. As the caliphs think more on their own personal pleasures, the power of the vizier grew. An righteousness whose characteristics owed much to Persian tradition, the vizier was sometimes the virtual head of the government, appointing and deposing local anesthetic leaders at will and often representing the caliph in foreign affairs. The vizier, or grand vizier, presided over the council composed of the heads of the dissimilar governmental departments.

Under his direction, the council formulated government policies and directed the chemical formula operations of the government (Hitti 318-22; Von Grunebaum 80-81).

The Abbasids claimed descendency from al-Abbas, Muhammad's uncle. The conspiracy had existed since fairly early in the Eighth Century in Iraq, where the Shi'ite Muslims had deplored the degeneracy of the Umayyad dynasty. In addition, on that point was much resentment against the Umayyad claims of racial superiority and class distinction. The non-Arab converts to Islam life in Iraq were discriminated against because they were not Arab. They paid higher taxes than Arabs and were generally come together out of salaried positions. Many Arabs who had settled in Iraq also felt discriminated against by those sent to govern the region. The earliest Arab settlers occupied positions of privilege and refused to share this wealth, contrary to the teachings of equality in Islam. In addition, there was considerable resentment against the central government, which administered the regions through the garrisoning of promenade and the appointment of outside governors (Frye 38-39; Kennedy, The Early Abbasid Caliphate 35-36; Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphs, 116-17, 124-25).

During the ninth Century, Baghdad quickly evolved into the richest city in the world, as a r
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