The causative role of stress in depression: Gender diffences.

Introduction

Since the 1960s there has been a large-scale volume of systematic investigate on the role of living circumstances in psychiatric disorder. The life event literature now clearly indicates that the risk of belief is considerably increased following songful life events. caseful of life event is only weakly related to attribute of disorder. Those events, which be to a greater extent generally stressful, are also more likely to produce disorder. Some disorders are more strongly associated with life events than others. Depression is one of these, with the possible exception o bipolar disorder [1].

The diathesis stress model shows that a massive range of psychological disorders result from the impact of an environmental event (stressor/stress factor) on a person who had a predisposing exposure [2].

Fig. 1. Diathesis stress model [2]

As the level of vulnerability increases, the degree of stress needed to precipitate a disorder decreases. Vulnerability is change by biological and environmental factors.

Life events and onset of depression

There is a large body of evidence showing that stressful life events are closely associated with the onset of major depressive episodes [3, 4, 5]. Table 1 summarises findings of 27 retrospective controlled comparisons of psychiatrically treated depressed patients, one employing ii comparison groups.



16 studies from 9 countries employed general population controls including two studies of elderly patients, which were conducted by Murphy and Emmerson et al [6,7]. All effect more events reported prior to depressive onset, although in one study, with picayune numbers, the difference was not significant. One study conducted by Bebbington et al [8] found greater life events in depressed mountain in the community than in outpatients.

Table 1 Controlled comparisons of Life Events and incursion of Clinical Depression [1]

Nature of ControlsAuthorExcess any EventsExcess SeparationsExcess Other Types of Events

General PopulationPaykel et al [9] YesYesVarious, particularly undesirable...

If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



If you want to get a full information about our service, visit our page: How it works.