Drug and Alcohol Addiction: Two Main Plague Today

It would reduce the number of reddish acts, particularly domestic violence, ca workd by the effects of inebriant. Reduction in alcohol dependence would also reduce the number of accidents in the workplace and on the roads caused by impaired surgery due to alcohol disgust, hangovers and other alcohol- related problems.

Over the years, the discussion of addictions has changes as the patterns in doses of choice have changed. In the previous(prenominal) 40 years, much has been learned from the literature on nerve abusers treated in federally funded sermon modalities (De Leon, 1993). The considerable knowledge gained has broad implications for psychological science, theory and practice. The work in the plain stitch of addictions has generated several paradigms which have affected how psychoanalysts now approach the problem.

nigh of the changes have come ab come out from the study of drug abuse (De Leon, 1993). The three modalities tested most were: methadone maintenance programs, drug-free outpatient programs, and residential therapeutic communities. Thirty percent of opiate addicts in these interference programs have favorable outcomes, which include no use of adulterous drugs, and no arrests in one to five years later give-and-take. Success rates are lower for marijuana and alcohol abusers. However, for clients treated in residential centers, overall drug use and criminality are reduced. The percenta

in that location has ben an upward trend in heroin use since the mid-1990s, and amid 1995 and 1999 it overtook cocaine as the drug of choice among those seen in treatment centers (Clark, 1999). The drug is available purer and cheaper than ever before, and can be snorted or smoked, so the risks of dispenseion and the stigma attached are less. However, roughly all heroin inhalers eventually go on to inject the drug, and with this goes the added increase in the risk of needle-transmitted diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis.

Follow-up reports indicated that after two years, both approaches significantly reduced adolescent=s intentions to drink beer, wine, or liquor, and produced significant reductions in how often they actually drank alcohol and how often they got drunk. The groups had higher(prenominal) antidrinking attitudes, higher refusal assertiveness, and lower risk taking behavior than controls.

Conrod et al (2000)carried out a study to determine the effect of brief deal skills intervention that matched certain personality profiles of female substance abusers. The 90-minute interventions were all: a motivation-matched intervention involving personality-specific motivational and coping skills; a motivational control intervention involving a motivational film and a supportive discussion with a therapist; or a motivation-mismatched intervention targeting a theoretically different personality profile.

Botvin, G. J., Schinke, S. P., Epstein, J. A., Diaz, T., & Botvin, E. M. (1995). force of culturally focused and general skills training approaches to alcohol and drug abuse prevention among minority adolescents: two-year follow-up results. psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 9, pp. 183-194.

Drummond, D. C., & Glautier, S. (1994). A controlled trial of cue exposure treatment in alcohol dependence. J. Consulting & Clin. Psychol., 62, pp. 809-817.

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