Thursday, September 27, 2012

Jewish Holidays And Festivals

Judaism is a religion replete with holidays and traditions. What are these significant occasions, and how are they celebrated? 

Rosh Hashanah

The very first Jewish holiday in the year represents the commencing from the new year. Because the Jewish calendar differs from a conventional calendar, the Jewish new year (Rosh Hashanah) does not correspond to a secular new year. The holiday happens during the first two days of Hebrew month Tishrei, which falls between September Five and October Five on a traditional calendar. In fact, celebration on the holiday previous to or after these two dates is prohibited. In addition, the holiday cannot be celebrated on days one, four, or six of the Jewish week. This day is important to Hebrews as one of four days of judgment. The Mishnah on the Hebrew oral Torah says, “"Four times inside the year the globe is judged….on New-Year's Day all men pass previous to Him…” Jews believe that on Rosh Hashanah, God will judge all souls, either inscribing them from the book of life, removing them, or allowing them a temporary second chance. 
 The inspiration for Rosh Hashanah celebrations derives from the splendid agricultural festivals that are highlighted within the Hebrew Bible. Autumn represented a new commencing economically to your agriculture-focused Hebrews, and they celebrated harvests with feasts. These periods presented an occasion to remember God’s goodwill. Celebrations also included a ceremonial blowing of trumpets and sacrifices, all of which paid respect to God’s completion of Creation. Therefore, the cornerstone of current celebrations may be the blowing a ram’s horn trumpet called a shofar. The shofar is blown during verse recitals at religious gatherings, and often at each morning during the month prior to Rosh Rashanah. Symbolically, the shofar’s sound represents a reminder of judgment, and an encouragement for all Hebrews to awaken from spiritual “sleep.” Specific prayers (selihot) contained in prayer books known as mahzorim and piyyuttim (religious poems) are also included in Rosh Hashanah services. One important prayer service could be the tashlikh, where persons recite prayers near natural bodies of water in order to “cast away” sins.3 Symbolic passages for instance Isaiah 11:9 ("They do not injure nor destroy in all My holy mountain, for ones earth shall be as full with the knowledge in the Lord as the waters cover the sea") are well-known during this service. Other features with the Jewish New Year celebration include favored greeting “Shana Tova” (A Great Year”) and meal favorites honey, apples (representing a “sweet new year”), dates, leek, black-eyed peas, and challah bread.

Yom Kippur

If Rosh Hashanah may be the very first holiday in the Jewish year, Yom Kippur could be the most sacred “holy day.” Referred to as the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur takes location shortly after Rosh Hashanah, on the tenth day of Tishrei. It is the day on which individuals souls given a second chance to repent on Rosh Hashanah will receive final judgment. Repentance is, in fact, the theme of Yom Kippur. Reconciliation and atonement with God are the guiding principles of this solemn day. Therefore, repentive and restrictive rituals characterize observances of the holiday. The very first observances derived inside the Biblical Levicitus, which outlines the rites from the day. Inside the first Temple services, the High Priest (the Kohen Gadol) participated in an important ritual of sacrifices and prayer, entered the Holy of Holies (the only permitted time with the year this kind of an action was allowed), and atoned for all of the Jewish world’s sins. This ancient temple ritual is commemorated in modern observances through a certain recitation in musaf prayer.5 Also in modern observances, fasting (from eating, drinking, pleasurable relations, and bathing) is implemented from sundown to sundown (in Jewish tradition, a day begins at sundown). Preceding the fast and the official start in the holiday, a festive feast is consumed, so how the actual act of fasting may prove much more strenuous and challenging. Further, an annual service known as Neilah (and a ceremonial blowing from the shofar) concludes Yom Kippur.6 One more feature of this holiday could be the tallit, a four-corned prayer shawl which only creates an evening appearance on Yom Kippur. Prayers themselves include confession (in keeping with the theme of atonement), and also a major aim with the day could be the relinquishing and pardoning of old feuds and grudges. Jews in Israel strictly observe the holiday (no transportation, television, or commerce), even though secular Jews consume a looser approach (attending synagogue with limited fasting).

Sabbath

Sabbath (or “Shabbat”—“to cease”) will be the most standard holiday with the Jewish calendar, occurring every week on Saturday (from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday). The Fourth Commandment very best illustrates instructions for Sabbath: “Remember the Sabbath to maintain it holy.” Sabbath is the day on which God rested from His Creation on the universe. Likewise, Hebrew tradition holds that the Sabbath is an undisputed Day of Rest. Along with the Fourth Commandment, observance of Sabbath is also noted in key Biblical passages just like Exodus 31 and Numbers 28. The Sabbath does not just honor the Day of Rest, however. It also serves being a reminder with the release from the Israelite slaves and like a fore-bearer of that the globe will emerge from the age of the Messiah.
Hebrew followers location much of significance in observing the Sabbath, referring to it as “queen” and “bride” in liturgy, engaging in longer readings in the Torah, and upholding the importance on the holiday’s observance in securing the coming from the Messiah. As with most major Jewish holidays, feasting is often a primary component of celebration. Three large meals (with fish, meat, and bread as centerpieces) normally follow synagogue services. The services themselves include heightened prayer recitals. Further, Jewish followers light candles (typically two) at least eighteen minutes prior to Sabbath begins, and preserve those people candles ablaze in commemoration to your remainder in the day. Quite a few rituals are prominently featured on Sabbath as well. The recitation of kiddush (sanctification) and Havdalah (separation) on a cup of wine open and close the holiday. Abstaining from particular forbidden activities is especially emphasized. Some Jewish sects strictly observe 39 prohibitive activities, although others eat a additional lax technique and permit the individual decide what he or she considers “work.” But Sabbath traditions don't focus solely on exclusive activities. The holiday encourages quite a few inclusive and positive behaviors, for example spending time with family, hosting friends and acquaintances, enjoying intimate time with one’s partner, and studying the Torah.9 The concept of the Day of Rest (free from work obligations) proved so appealing that it became a cornerstone of mainstream culture.
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